Hydraulic controlling mechanism.



R. JANNBY.

HYDRAULIC CONTROLLING ME'ICHANISM. APPLICATION FILED MAY 15. 19141,131,704.; Patented Mar. 16, 19 5.

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HYDRAULIC GONTROLLINGMECHANISM.

APPLICA ION FILED MAY 15. 1914.

' 1,131,704- Patented 111211216, 1915.

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imirrnn 's'rarns PATENT orrrcn REYNOLD JANNEY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,ASSIGNOR TO THE WATERBURY TOOL COM- PANY, OF NEW BRITAIN, CONNECTICUT, ACORPORATION OF CONNECTICUT.

HYDRAULIC CONTROLLING MECHANISM.

LISL'YOd.

Specincation of Letters Patent.

Patented Mar. 16, 191 5.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, REYNOLD JANNEY, a.

citizen of the United States, residing at New York. in the county of NewYork and State or New York, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Hydraulic Controlling Mechanisms, ofvwhich the followingis a specification.

This invention relates to hydraulic controlling mechanism, one of theprimary purposes of the invention being the provision of means of aneffective character for compensating for changes in space volume of aplurality of hydraulic controlling devices. Hydraulic controllingmechanism involving my invention can, be employed with advantage inwidely-difi'erent connections, although it is of especial utilityinconnection with an oscillatory member movable oppositely from a centralposition. v

In the drawings accompanying and form: ing part of the presentspecification I have shown in detail several of the many different formsof embodiment of the invention which to enable those skilled in the artto practice the same will be set forth fully in the followingdescription. I do not restrict myself to such showing; I may departtherefrom in radical respects within the scope of the invention definedby the claims follow ing said description.

Referring to said drawings: Figure 1 is a sectional top plan View ofhydraulic controlling mechanism involving. my invention. Fig. is adiagrammatic sectional view. Figs. 3, 4 and 5 areoviews corresponding toFig. 1 of diflerent forms of the apparatus.

Like characters refer to like parts throughout the several figures.

My invention comprises a plurality of hydraulic devices connected with acommon oscillating member, in conjunction with means for automaticallycompensating for changes in space volume of said devices. Thiscompensation may be obtained any desirable manner, best, however, byautomatically variably augmenting the liquid cylinders are equal.

capacity of said devices. In the present in stance each hydraulic deviceconsists of a cylinder and 'a piston within the same, connected byconnecting rods with an oscillating member.

Where a piston is connected to a crank by means of a connecting rod orlink whose angular position varies relative to theline of movement ofthe piston, the latter will not move directly in proportion with the angle of the crank movement-nor to the sine of the angleof 'the crank, butwill vary with the versed sine of the angle of the connecting rod. Iftwo pistons are connected with two cranks by means ofconnecting rods andthe spaces in the cylinders in advance of the pistons are united by apipe 'or pipes and these spaces and pipe or pipes are filled withincompressible fluid, the changes in the obliquity of the connectingrods during oscillations of the cranks, cause changes in the totalvolume of the spaces in advance of said pistons. I provide means forcom.- pensating for these changes in space vol ume, and as will beinferred this chmpensation can be secured in many diiierent ways,although satisfactory results are obtained by variablyaugmenting thecapacities of the cylinders or equivalents in correspondence with thedegree of movement of the respective cranksfrom their central positions.When the hydraulic devices consist of cylinders of equal diameter andpistons within the same, the pistons being connected by rods with anoscillatory member t opposite and equal distances from its cents" ofmovernent, it is evident that when said'cscillatory member is in itscentral positio the effective space volumes of the opposing pistons aremoved in shifting said oscillatory member from its neutral position thenthe necessity for the compensating means arises. In the present case thebranches of When, however, the

' specific details but in certain broad relations. These hydraulicdevices can be employed for a variety of purposes, for instance forshifting a member when they constitute actuating devices or for checkinga part when they act as dash-pots, these being merely two of many uses.

The framing for supporting the diiferent parts of the'mechanism may beof any suitable kind; that shown consists of a base or bed 2. There aretwo cylinders 3 and 4 of duplicate construction, containing pistons 5and 6 which project beyond the respective cylinders and are pivoted asat 7 and 8 to' the connecting rods 9 and 10 respectively, said pivotsbeing carried by similar slides or blocks 11 and 12. Themain cylinders33' and 4 are connected in some suitable manner rigidly with the base orbed 2. From said base or bed rises the support 13 having in its oppositefaces ways for guiding the two slides or blocks 11. The rods or links 9and 10 are pivoted at their outer'ends to the branches or arms of theoscillatory meme ber 14 whichmay constitute the head of a rudder inwhich event the hydraulic devices will act as actuating devices for.said oscillatory member. It will be observed that the rods or links9'and 10 are connected with said oscillatory member at equal distancesfrom its center of motion.

The space or effective volume of the cylinders 3 and 4 is that provided.for the displacement of the pistons. Connecting the forward ends ofthe-two cylinders 3 and 4 is the duct or pipe 16 intersected by avariable reversible pump 17 of ordinary kind and shown conventionally.There are applica-' tions wherein a pump is not necessary and a choke orby-pass valve might be used. This pump 17 orits equivalent acts as aconvenient device for circulating the liquid from one-cylinder to theother and vice versa. The liquid may be of any suitable nature; such asoil, glycerin or water. derstood that the space forward of the twopistons 5 and 6 and the duct or pipe 16is completely filled with theincompressible liquid of whatever nature it may be.

In Fig- 1 the .oscillatory member 14 is shown as occupying its centralposition. It will be supposed that'it is necessary to swing the upperbranch of the oscillatory member 14 to the right in said view. In thisevent the pump 17 is thrown into action to pump liquid from thecylinder3, and force it into' the cylinder 4. Should it be desired to oppositelyswing the oscillatory member, the reverse action takes place. By reasonof the variation in angularity of the connecting rods 9 and 10during theswing of the oscillatory member 14, a change in space or effectivevolume of the two cylinders 3 and 4 It will be unensues. I providevarious means for compensating for this change, some of which I shalldescribe.

The compensating means in the organization shown involves auxiliarycontaining means in communication with the main cylinders 3 and 4 oranalogous parts and the cylinder 18 meets my requirement in thisparticular, although as will be hereinafter set forth, several of suchauxiliary cylinders can be employed. This cylinder 18 is fastened insome suitable manner rigidly to the support 13 and is in communicationat its forward end with the main cylinders 3 and 4. This communicationas will be obvious can be obtained in many ways; as shown the Iauxiliary cylinder 18 by the oscillatory member 14 in some suitablemanner. As shown the oscillatory member 14 is provided ap proximately atits center with the inwardly extending crank arm' 21 furnished with aprojecting stud 22 which may consist of an anti-friction roller,disposed within thecam slot 23 formed in the widenedouter extended end24 of the auxiliary piston 20. The cam slot 23 has duplicate portionsextending oppositely from a central or ineffective portion which latterthe stud 22 occupies when the oscillatory member is in its centralposition as shown in Fig. 1. The branches of the said slot, however, areso shaped that when the oscillatory member is moved either directionfrom its neutral position,

the stud 22, on the swing of the crank, acting against the walls of theparticular branch in use at such time,'will move the piston 20 outward adistance to increase the effective volume of the cylinder 18 an amountexactlyequal to the variation in space volume of the cylinders 3" and 4;I will describe more in detail in connection with the diagram in Fig. 2the exact action in a predetermined movement of the parts.

In Fig. 2 the parts are all shown as occupyingtheir central positions byfull lines. In dotted lines the piston 6 is shown as all the way out andthe piston 5 as all the way in, this result having been obtained bypumping through. the agency of'the pump 17 liquid from thecylinder' 3 tothe cylinders 4 and 18, which resulted in shifting the oscillatorymember from its full line or central position to the dotted lineposition. The rectangle 25 represents the volume .which was displacedwhen the piston 5 was moved from its full line to its dotted lineposition. To move the piston 6, however, from the position shown in fulllines to that in dotted lines, the maximum outward movement of saidpiston 6, there should be received in the cylinder 4 a volume of liquidshown by the rectangle 26. It will, therefore, be evident that in movingthe. oscillatory member from the central position to the dotted lineposition a volume of liquid should be transferred equal to the rectangle26, whereas the volume actually taken from the cylinder 3 is representedby the rectangle 25. In this illustration, therefore, there is an excessof liquid which should be disposed of and which is equal to thedifference between the pumped volume and the volume received. The pumpedvolume from the cylinder 3 is represented by the rectangle 25, thereceived volume into the cylinder 4 being represented by the rectangle26. The difference is produced by the change in angularity of theconnecting rods 9 and 10, each rod producing half the difference,represented by the rectangles 29 and 30 respectively, the sum of thesebeing the total difference. These two volumes represented by saidrectangles 29 and 30, may, therefore, be regarded as flowing equallyfrom the two cylinders 3 and 4 by way of the pipe 19 into the auxiliary,or compensating, cylinder 18, the piston20 of which has been moved backto-the dotted line to receive these excess volumes. There is really noflow of liquid from the cylinder 4, but the movement of piston 6 is theresultant of two movements, namely, one due to the logarithmical sine ofthe angular change of the part 14, and the other due to the change inthe angular position of the rod 10, The resultant of these two is theirdifference, while in the case of piston 5 the resultant is the sum. Inthe case of both pistons the effects of the rods 9 and 10 are such as togive the pistons positions farther 38 with the duplicate branches of theoscillatory member 39 provided with a crank projection 40 having a camslot 41 to receive the depending stud'42 on the end of the rod 43 havingbranches provided withpistons 44 and 45 slidable in theauxiliarycylinders 46 and 47. connected-by pipes 48 and 49 with the maincylinders 31 and 32. In the construction shown in Fig. 3 it is very muchlike that in the preceding views except that I provide two auxiliary orcompensating cylinders instead of one. As the oscillatory member 39 ismoved in either direction from its central position the eflectivecapacities of the .auxiliary cylinders 46 and 49 are increased tocompensate for variation inspace volume of the two main cylinders 31 and32.

In Fig. 4 the main cylinders are denoted by 50 and 51, the connectionbetween them being designated by 52 and being intersected by the'pump53. Slidable in the cylinders 50 and 51 are pistons 54 and 55 chamberedas at 56 and 57 to present auxiliary cylinders, the chambers or bores 56and 57 containing the pistons 58 and 59 and being connected by ports 60and 61 with the front spaces of the main cylinders 50 and 51. Thepistons 58 and 59 are shown provided with studs 62 and 63 extending intocam slots 64 and 65 on the inner ends of rods 66 and 67 pivoted at theirouter ends to thebranches of the oscil-- latory member 68, the innerportion of the rods or links '66 being pivoted within cavities at theouter ends of the two cylinders 54 and 55. When the oscillatory member68 is swung in either direction from its central position the pistons 58and 59 will be moved outward to increase the capacities of the spaces orchambers 56 and 57' to conform to the degree of movement of the saidoscillatory member from said central position.

In Fig. 5 the main cylinders are denoted by 70 and 71, the connectionbetween them by 72 and the pump by 73. The cylinders 70 and 71 containpistons 74 and 75 cham-f and 75 in addition to acting as such will also.

constitute auxiliary c linders. The cham bers or spaces 76 and 7 areconnected with the front ends of the cylinders 70.and 71 by ports 78 and79. The chambers 76 and 77 contain pistons 80 and 81 connected by links82 and 83 with oppositely disposed cranks 84 and 85 at the forward endsof the rods 86 and 87 pivoted at their outer ends to the branches orarms of the oscillatory member 88. The rods 87 are mounted pivotally inchambers in the outer ends of the pistons 74 and 75 as described inconnection with Fig. 4. When themember88 is moved in either directionfrom its central position the effective capacities of the chambers 76and 77 are progressively increased.

As herei nbefore mentioned there are applications of my apparatuswherein the pump is not required, but the pistons are actuatedby theturning of the arms 14, 39, 68 or 88, as the case may be. For examplethe pistons and cylinders might be used as dash draulic actuatingdevices, and means for a'utomatically compensating for changes in spacevolume of said actuating devices.

3. The combination of a plurality of communicating hydraulic actuatindevices, an oscillatory member having r0 s connected thereto, theactuating devices comprising movable members connected with said rods,

and means vfor automatically compensating for changes in' space volumeof said hydraulic actuating devices.

4:. The combination of a plurality of communicating hydraulic devices,pump mechanism for circulating liquid between the hy draulic devices, anoscillatory member, rods connected with said oscillatory member atopposite sides of its axis of motion, the hydraulic devices havingmovable members connected with the rods, and means for automaticallycompensating for changes in space volume of said hydra"lic devices.

5. The combination of a plurality of hydraulic actuating devices eachcomprising a movable member, means for circulating liquid between saidhydraulic actuating devices, an oscillatory member, rods connected withthe, oscillatory member at opposite sides of its center of motion andalso with said movable members, and means for automatically compensatingfor changes in- 'space volume oftheactuating devices.

.6. The combination of a plurality of hydraulic actuating devices, meansfor positively circulating li uid from one hydraulic actuating device.to t e other and vice versa, liquid containing means in communicationwith the said hydraulic actuating devices, and means for automaticallychanging the capacity of said liquid containing means in accordance withvarious relations of said hydraulicactuating devices.

7. The combination of a pluraltiy of cylinders, each containing apiston, an oscillatory member having a central position, rods connectedwith the oscillatory member at opposite sides of its center of motion,and

with the piston, means'ior circulating liquidbetween the two cylinders,and means for variably augmenting the capacities of the cylinders incorrespondence with the degree of 'movement of said oscillatory memberfrom its central position.

8. The combinationof a plurality of cylinders each containing a piston,an oscillatory member having a central position,

rods connected with the oscillatory member at oppositeisides of.itscenter of movement 'and with the pistons,'means for circulatingliquid between the two cylinders, and means governed by said oscillatorymember for.

variably augmenting the capacity ofv the cylinders in correspondencewith the degree of movement of the oscillatory member from its centralposition.

9. The combination of a plurality ofcommunicating hydraulic devices eachhaving a movable member adapted to occupy a central position, liquidcontaining means in communication with the hydraulic devices,

and means for automatically progressively increasing the capacity of theliquidl containing means as said movable members move from their centralpositions.

10. Thecombination of a plurality of cylinders each containing a piston,an oscillatory member havinga central position, rods connected with theoscillatory member at opposite sides of its center of motion and withthe pistons, means for circulating liouid between the two cylinders,liquid coutaining means in communication with said cylmders, and meansfor automatically and progressively increasing the capacity of theliquid containing means as said oscillatory member moves in eitherdirection from its central position.

v 11. The combination of a plurality of cyl inders each containing apiston, an oscillatory member having a central position, rods connectedwith the oscillatory member at opposite sides of its center of motionand with the pistons, means for circulating liquid between thecylinders, liquid containing means in communication with said cylinders,and mechanism involving cam means, for progressively increasing thecapacity of said liquid containing means as the oscillatory member movesfrom its central position. 1

. 12. The combinationof a plurality of cylinders each containing apiston, an oscillatory member having a central position,

rods connected with the oscillatory member at opposite' 'sides ofitscenter of motion and with the piston, means for circulating liquidbetween the cylinders, liquid containing means in communication withsaid cylinder,

comprising a piston having a cam slot, the

oscillatory member being provided with a crank extension having a studentering said communicating hydraulic devices each having a movablemember, liquid contalnmg meansin communication with the hydraulic.devices, and means for automatically varying the capacity of the liquidcontaining means when said movable members move from predeterminedpositions.

14. The combination of a plurality of communicating hydraulic actuatingdevices, each having a movable member, an oscillatory member having acentral position, rods connected with the oscillatory member at oppositesides of its center of movement and with said movable members, and meansfor variably augmenting the capacities of the hydraulic actuatingdevices, in correspondence with the degree of movement of saidoscillatory member from its central position.

15. The combination of a plurality of 1'5 spondence with certainpositions of said 20 movable members.

In testimony whereof I aifix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

REYNOLD JAN EY.

Witnesses:

HEATH SUTHIERLAND, MARY S. BUCKMASTEB.

